Business plan for raising beef cattle. Drawing up business plans for farming - Financial plan

• Description of products and services
• Production plan
• Financial plan
• Which equipment to choose
• Growing technology
  • • • Similar business ideas:

Business plan for organizing a family farm for breeding dairy cattle. This material can serve as an example for obtaining credit funds from a commercial bank.

How much money do you need to open a family dairy cattle farm?

According to our calculations, opening a family farm will require investments of 7,550,000 rubles: Construction and reconstruction of a barn (as well as storage and utility rooms) - 1,800,000 rubles.

• Purchase of 80 heads of dairy cows - 4,800,000 rubles.
• Purchase of tools and household items. inventory - 200,000 rub.
• Purchase of milking machines (10 pcs.) - RUB 500,000.
• Creation of feed reserves - 150,000 rubles.
• Other expenses - 100,000 rubles.

Funding for the project will come from two sources. Own funds will be 30% (RUB 2,265,000) and the remaining 70% will be credit funds (bank loan).

Description of products and services

The main product that is planned to be produced on our farm is milk. The sale of cattle meat will be carried out in very small volumes. The estimated volume of milk sales will be 30,000 liters per month. The wholesale selling price will be 20 rubles/liter. In monetary terms, the turnover will be equal to 600,000 rubles per month. The sale of milk and meat is planned to be carried out primarily to processing enterprises (meat processing plants). Cooperation with wholesale buyers and the private sector is also possible.

Production plan

The organizational form of our farm will be a peasant farm (peasant farm). According to the Federal Law of June 11, 2003 No. 74-FZ “On Peasant (Farm) Farming,” participants in a family farm must be related by kinship or property and jointly carry out production and other economic activities in the field of agriculture based on their personal participation. The share of involved employees cannot exceed 5 people. In our farm, these conditions will be fully observed. The number of participants in the family farm is 8 people, including 6 relatives and 2 employees.

Which taxation system to choose for opening a family farm for breeding dairy cattle?

It is planned to use the Unified Agricultural Tax (USAT) as a taxation system for the economy. This is the most favorable taxation system for agricultural enterprises, since the tax is paid in the amount of only 6% of the farm’s profit. The funds received for the implementation of the project will be used for the reconstruction of the existing farm (enlargement) and the purchase of young cattle. In total, our farm will maintain a permanent livestock of at least 80 animals. Such a number of animals will require the construction of a premises with an area of ​​at least 360 square meters. m. (at the rate of 4.5 sq. m. per animal). In addition, it is necessary to build utility rooms for storing tools (30 sq. m.), as well as a warehouse for feed (200 sq. m.). Thus, the total area of ​​the buildings will be about 590 square meters. m. In total, about 1.8 million rubles will be spent on the construction and reconstruction of the barn. Black-motley dairy cows will be purchased as the “main means” for milk production. This is the most common and productive breed of cow. The average annual milk yield of the black-and-white breed is 6,500 liters of milk. The approximate price for purchasing livestock will be 105 rubles/kg. or 50 - 60 thousand rubles. for an adult animal. The slaughter of livestock will be carried out at a specialized slaughterhouse, with the preliminary removal of animals. The slaughter of one head of livestock will cost the farm an average of 1,500 rubles. I will purchase feed from local agricultural producers. It is planned to buy hay at a price of 130/bale, sugar beets - 1650 rubles/t., mixed feed - 11 rubles/kg. An experienced veterinarian will be hired to monitor the condition of animals and timely prevent diseases. These services will cost 10,000 rubles per month.

Financial plan

Fixed monthly farm expenses

• Utility costs - 40,000 rubles. (500 rub./head.)
• Salary (2 people) + insurance contributions - 35,000 rubles. (440 rub./head.)
• Vet. services - 10,000 rub. (125 rub./head.)
• Transport costs - 20,000 rubles. (250 rub./head.)
• Other expenses - 25,000 rubles. (310 rub./head.)

Variable expenses

• Feed consumption - 3000 rub./head per month

Thus, the total cost of maintaining one head of cattle will be 4,625 rubles per month. 80 heads will cost 370,000 rubles per month.

How much can you earn on a family farm for breeding dairy cattle?

The average wholesale price of one liter of milk is 20 rubles/liter. The monthly volume of milk sales will be about 30,000 liters (some of it will be used to feed young animals), which in monetary terms means revenue of 600,000 rubles. Minus the costs of keeping animals, the family farm receives a monthly profit of 230,000 rubles. Taxes must be deducted from this amount (Unified Agricultural Tax, 6%). Thus, the net profit will be 216,200 rubles. Business profitability is 58%. The return on investment occurs in 34 months.

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

To create a family farm business, you need to competently draw up a business plan, which should take into account the following steps:

• What type of activity will the farm be engaged in: poultry farming, dairy products, livestock farming, crop farming, etc.
• After choosing the type of farm, it is advisable to determine the scale of the activity. At this stage, you should calculate preliminary costs and estimated profits for the next 2-3 years.
• This is followed by the purchase of livestock, feed and necessary equipment.
• To sell finished products, you will need to obtain the appropriate permits and registration documents.
• Setting up work with the sales market and sales representatives.

Which equipment to choose

Opening a large family farm will require large expenses for purchasing the necessary equipment, from 1 to 5 million rubles. Its installation may take several months. An important factor is the layout, for example, for poultry farming, cages will be required, and for livestock farming, special stalls. You also need to buy ventilation structures, humidifiers, heaters, and manure cleaning products. For staff to work efficiently, it is necessary to build utility rooms in which tools and feed warehouses can be stored.

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

To register a business, you will need to indicate the necessary codes from OKVED 2 section A: agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming.

What documents are needed to open

Realization of a business will require registration of a peasant farm. The list of documents is not much different from the registration of an individual entrepreneur, and therefore will require personal data and a receipt for payment of state taxes from participants. duties. In addition, you will need to issue quality certificates for the products provided, and all animals must undergo a veterinary examination. In the case of leasing land from the state, a special document will be required to locate a family farm.

Do I need permission to open?

Participants in a family farm must be relatives, and the share of involved personnel must be no more than 5 people. To sell products to retail outlets you will need:

• Permits from Rospotrebnadzor.
• Permission from fire inspectors.

Growing technology

Creating a family farm opens up many opportunities for starting a business. For example, you can raise cattle and sell milk at the same time. Breeding farm birds sells meat and eggs a lot. When assigning responsibilities to each member of the family farm, pay attention to their preferences. Let everyone do what they love - this will increase the overall profitability of the business. It is better to invest the money earned in the first seasons as much as possible back into the business. You should also think about breeding exotic birds, the sale of which to private property will bring considerable profit.

Contents of the livestock business plan:

1. Livestock Project Summary.
2. Analysis of the main livestock sectors.
3. Project for the construction/reconstruction of a livestock farm.
4. Farm operation marketing plan and income plan.
5. Plan for current and fixed costs.
6. Calculation of final values, assessment of project performance indicators.
7. Assessing the risk factors of a livestock project.

Why do you need a livestock farming business plan?

1. In order to be able to receive government support for business development in the form of grants, subsidies and intangible assistance.
2. In order to obtain a bank loan on the most favorable terms for you.
3. In order to avoid mistakes typical of the livestock industry.
4. In order to keep your finger on the pulse of events during the implementation of the project.

Example of a livestock business plan

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suitable option

This kit is ideal for those who need a business plan to obtain a loan or attract investment.

Description

The extended business plan includes a financial model of livestock farming in Excel format.

The business plan was developed taking into account the practice of evaluating projects in Russian banks, as well as taking into account the requirements of investors and funds for supporting entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. It will make it possible to justify management decisions on investing in the creation and development of livestock farming, predict its financial results and assess risks.

A full description of the business plan can be downloaded from the link:

To view the content, download the file:

To see the list of tables, graphs and diagrams, look at the file:

You can pay in the following ways:

• Bank cards (Russia)
• Electronic money
• Terminals and communication salons
• Money transfers
• Bank cards (International)

Submitting a business plan and financial model:

Dispatch is carried out within 24 hours after payment to your email address.

Business organization

Livestock farming is a priority direction for the development of domestic agriculture. At different levels of government there are various programs to support livestock farming, including reimbursement of part of the interest rate, support for breeding cattle for dairy and meat production, reimbursement of expenses for increasing the number of sheep, goats, deer, meat herd horses, etc. In order to count on this support, you should prepare a correct livestock business plan.

The livestock business plan for receiving a grant reflects the main stages of the project and financial calculations for each stage:

1. Determining the direction of work within livestock farming.
2. Design of construction/reconstruction of a livestock farm.
3. Construction of a farm.
4. Search for suppliers and buyers for the sale of livestock products.
5. Purchasing animals and preparing food supplies.
6. Selection of personnel for animal care.
7. Preparatory work.
8. Starting a business.

Before you start developing a livestock farming business plan for a peasant farm, you should decide in which specific direction you should work: cattle, pig farming, poultry farming, etc. Focus on the competitive environment in your region and the ability to reach relevant suppliers and buyers of products. Of course, market capacity and demand for the product are of no small importance.

In the presented sample of a ready-made livestock business plan, the calculation is given using the example of a cattle farm.

Market analysis and livestock project description

Livestock farming is considered the most profitable and promising area of ​​agriculture on the Russian market. Meat production volumes have increased significantly recently and continue to grow. The business plan for the development of livestock farming provides a detailed analysis of the key characteristics of livestock farms in the Russian Federation, including volumes, growth and future trends.

Products produced

Meat, offal, milk.

Potential clients

Enterprises for the wholesale purchase of goods, including retail chains of various sizes, meat and meat products processing plants, small buyers: shops, hotel and restaurant complexes.

Below are calculations for a livestock farming business plan for receiving a peasant farm grant for 500 heads.

Financial part of the livestock business plan

Investments:

The initial investment in the business will be about 70 million rubles.

Income:

The average revenue for the purchase of young animals in the amount of 500 heads will be 70 - 80 million rubles annually.

Expenses:

Annual expenses average 50 - 60 million rubles.

Profit, payback and profitability of the business:

The payback period of the project is about 3.5 years, the profit is more than 20 million rubles, and the profitability is 27%.

Conclusions:

Having decided to engage in livestock farming, you must clearly understand your plan of action, take into account the risks and features of the production process. Of course, you will need a competent business plan for dairy and beef farming. You can order a ready-made business plan or download a sample livestock business plan with calculations. Perhaps the best solution for you is a business plan template.

Download the livestock farming business plan template and you can:

• Independently calculate indicators that will show how profitable your plan is, how quickly the project’s payback will be, the main income and expenses of the farm.
• The resulting individual business plan will allow you to adequately present your project to representatives of investors or creditors, as well as receive support from the state in the form of grants and subsidies.
• Professionally draw up an annual financial plan and monitor achievements of results.

The business of breeding farm animals in most cases becomes very profitable. Today, family farms of almost any specialization can bring quite a significant income. But, of course, making a profit from breeding animals or poultry is possible only with the right approach of the entrepreneur to the matter.

First stage

The specialization of the future farm is, of course, what a novice farmer must first decide on. Family livestock farms are organized in Russia usually for the purpose of raising traditional cattle, pigs or chickens. All these types of agricultural animals are kept using fairly simple technologies developed over decades, and sometimes centuries.

Standard family farms, specializing in the breeding of traditional types of farm animals, of course, usually bring a good income. However, the owners of such a farm will most likely have to face strong competition in the course of their activities. After all, we already have quite a lot of farms of this specialization in our country. Therefore, perhaps entrepreneurs should think about breeding some other, rarer agricultural animals.

Some ideas for the beginning farmer

Recently, in our country there has been an increased demand for this type of meat such as lamb. Previously, such a product was not particularly popular in Russia. Many consumers simply didn't like the smell. However, recently, breeders have developed many breeds of sheep, the meat of which is completely devoid of such a defect. So today, organizing a small cattle breeding farm can also become quite a profitable activity.

Agriculture in Russia, after all sorts of economic shocks, is, in fact, still developing. Some niches in this area of ​​the country's economy are still practically unoccupied. Therefore, the business of breeding some very unusual animals can also become quite profitable. For example, an entrepreneur might want to think about starting a farm:

• trout;
• rabbit;
• nutria.

Business plan

Of course, first of all, future entrepreneurs should develop a detailed project for a family farm. Organizing a livestock farm of any specialization is always quite expensive. The family’s own funds are most likely simply not enough to start such a business from scratch.

The best solution in this situation may be, of course, a bank loan. In Russia, in our time, programs are periodically implemented aimed at maintaining and developing precisely such a sector of the national economy as livestock farming. A family farm can be organized, including with money borrowed from the bank at very low interest. But, of course, in order to convince a potential lender of the prospects of the newly organized business, he needs to be provided with a detailed business plan. If necessary, you can draw up such a document yourself.

Whatever specialization family farms are created, their business plan should include:

• Description of the final product. In this paragraph, you need to indicate the type of product that will be supplied to the market from the farm and its expected volume. You should also provide the bank with information about exactly how meat, milk, eggs, etc. will be sold.
• Production plan. This item should include information about where exactly the money received on credit will be sent (for the construction of premises, the purchase of young animals, feed, etc.).
• Financial plan. This includes all the expected expenses of the farm in the process of its operation and development - wages to workers, utilities, prevention of animal or poultry diseases, transportation of feed and carcasses.
• Variable expenses. At this point, farm owners usually indicate the expected expenses for feed (for one animal per year and for the entire herd).
• Income. The estimated profit is indicated here, along with the necessary calculations.

Cattle breeding farm: organizational features

Most often, these are the types of family farms that have been registered in Russia lately. In our country, cattle are traditionally bred to produce milk. Farm owners rarely keep such animals for meat. This product is most often considered secondary in relation to milk. Therefore, the profitability of almost any such farm depends on the amount of milk yield. Therefore, entrepreneurs first of all need to take care of choosing a high-milk breed of cattle. This could be, for example, a red steppe cow, black-and-white, Holstein, Kholmogory or Yaroslavl. In addition to productivity, when choosing a breed, it is worth paying attention to such an indicator as whimsicality in terms of care. For example, Holstein cows produce the most milk. However, a less experienced farmer should still choose red steppe or black-and-white to begin with. Such cows are much more unpretentious, and there will most likely be no losses in the herd during their breeding, even if any technology is violated.

The construction of family farms for breeding cows is usually carried out in compliance with the following requirements:

• the ceiling height in the room should not be less than 2.5 m;
• the farm should have good natural lighting;
• windows in the premises are located at a height inaccessible to cows;
• Ventilation should be installed in the barn.

The most convenient are barns with stalls on the sides and a passage in the middle. In addition to the barn itself, staff quarters and outbuildings (for storing feed, equipment, medicines and protective clothing) will need to be built on the farm.

Of course, entrepreneurs will also have to organize the supply of feed to the farm. The better the quality of the animal's diet, the more milk can be obtained from them. Cows are required to be given all three types of feed intended for agricultural animals:

• juicy (root vegetables);
• rough (grass, hay);
• concentrated (grain, bran, mixed feed).

Animals will also need to receive mineral and vitamin supplements. In summer, cattle are usually turned out to pasture all day.

Pig breeding: features

Such a family farm is also usually quite a profitable business. When organizing a farm specializing in raising piglets, it is important to choose the right place to build a barn. The smell from a pig farm can be very strong, even when the animals are well cared for. According to the regulations, the construction of premises intended for raising piglets is allowed only outside the populated area, no closer than 50-500 m from its border (depending on the number of heads in the herd).

In this case, the choice of animal breed must also be approached as responsibly as possible. All varieties of pigs existing today can be divided into three large groups: meat, tallow and meat-greasy. Breeding the first type of piglets is more difficult than the last two. But at the same time, leaner pork costs more. A novice farmer should choose a tallow or meat-fat breed of piglets for breeding. It will be much easier to raise such pigs.

The room for piglets should be built from sufficiently durable materials (these animals love to chew walls and floors). Most often, pigsties are built from foam blocks. Indoor floors should be smooth, waterproof, non-slip and easy to clean. Most often in pigsties they are made of concrete. For insulation, such a floor is covered with boards. A drainage chute must be installed in the middle of the passage in the pigsty. The floors themselves are poured with a slight slope towards it. Next to the piglet farm, it is worth installing, among other things, several septic tanks.

There are different technologies for fattening pigs. The choice of a specific one depends, first of all, on the breed of piglets. Fat and meat-greasy pigs are usually fed foods containing large amounts of carbohydrates. This could be, for example, potatoes, corn, beets, barley. Of course, such piglets are also given food waste.

How to organize a rabbit breeding farm

There are breeds of such animals, both meat and skin or fur. Most often today in Russia, novice entrepreneurs organize a mini-farm for rabbits of the first variety. The best meat breeds of these animals are considered to be Rizen, white and gray giants, and Flanders. Also, very often, beginning farmers breed unpretentious “Soviet” chinchillas.

Fur-bearing animals, including rabbits, in most cases are not at all afraid of low temperatures. Therefore, on farms they are sometimes kept in shads. This is the name of special structures that are a single- or double-sloped long canopy, inside of which cages are installed in several tiers. Keeping animals outdoors in winter allows the farm owner to obtain better quality skins. But, if a mini-farm for rabbits is organized to sell only meat, the premises, of course, should be made closed. In this case, the animals will feel more comfortable (and, therefore, will begin to gain weight faster).

Today, rabbit cages can be purchased ready-made. Farmers will have to buy three varieties of them - intended for queens with offspring, for young animals and for producers. Cages are installed in sheds or sheds, usually in 2-3 tiers. In large farms of similar specialization, individual feeders are more often used, mounted on the door. The drinking bowls are installed at the top of the last tier. Hoses are led from them to each cage.

The diet of rabbits, like cattle, usually consists of three types of feed. The main emphasis in this case, just as when keeping cows, is on roughage. Rabbits should receive dried grass or hay in very large quantities. Of the concentrates, the menu of these animals usually includes only barley. Farmers also sometimes use oats. Of the root vegetables, rabbits are most often given only carrots and beets (in limited quantities).

Nutria farms: how to create

The organization of a farm of such specialization also has a number of its own characteristics. It is better for beginning farmers to purchase breeders, as well as young nutria, from special nurseries. You can also, of course, buy animals from private owners. However, in this case, entrepreneurs should first visit the seller’s farm and make sure that the animals are kept in compliance with all required technologies.

Farmers who decide to start breeding nutria will have, among other things, to drill several wells on the site. Therefore, it is worth choosing a place for such a farm, including taking into account the depth of water underground. Family farms for breeding nutria are almost never established on the shores of natural ponds and lakes. The fact is that such reservoirs usually contain a lot of different kinds of pathogenic bacteria.

They contain nutria, like rabbits, most often in cages. However, the design of such housing for animals is slightly different. In this case, one male and several females are placed in each cage. A distinctive feature of nutria is that they do not have a hunting period. The mating of these animals, and therefore the appearance of their offspring, can occur at absolutely any time.

The basis of the nutria diet is green food. At the same time, farmers should give preference to those plants that can be mowed on the banks of rivers and lakes. Of course, nutria should also receive succulent food. This can be carrots, beets, zucchini and almost any other vegetables and root vegetables. They also give nutria concentrates, but only in limited quantities.

Trout farming

Unfortunately, such farms in our country are still extremely few in number. Therefore, family farms specializing in trout breeding are usually profitable. However, organizing such a farm is, of course, a little more difficult than any other.

Rainbow trout is most often raised on farms. Its main advantages are unpretentiousness in terms of water parameters and high productivity. Farmers also sometimes breed speckled brook trout. This variety is not particularly productive, but its meat is much tastier than that of rainbow fish.

A trout farm is usually organized on the shore of an artificial reservoir. The difficulty in keeping this fish lies, first of all, in the fact that in captivity it does not reproduce naturally. Young trout simply quickly eat the eggs laid by the adults. Therefore, a farmer who decides to organize such a farm will have to include the periodic purchase of fry in a separate expense item.

The diet for trout is developed in such a way that for 100 kg of fish there is exactly 3 kg of feed per day. You cannot give less or more. Trout are usually fed with beef offal - liver, spleen, stomachs, etc. The purchased products are first washed, boiled and ground.

Registering a family farm: main stages

Of course, an entrepreneur who decides to start breeding farm animals, poultry or fish will definitely need to formalize his farm. To do this, you will have to go to the tax office and hand over the following documents to its employees:

• agreement on organizing a peasant farm;
• receipt of payment of state duty;
• an application for farm registration certified by a notary.

You will also need to write an application for the transition to special taxation. Most often, owners of family farms choose the form of payment according to the simplified tax system or unified agricultural tax. The usual taxation system in this case is very unprofitable.

Governmental support

As already mentioned, our country has adopted many laws aimed at developing agriculture. Small and medium-sized farmers, among other things, can receive assistance from the state. For example, the employment service provides subsidies in the amount of 50-60 thousand rubles to aspiring entrepreneurs who decide to organize a business such as a family farm. Also, in some cases, peasant farm owners are provided with a loan from the bank on favorable terms under the agro-industrial complex development program.

Sales markets

Of course, raising farm animals, fish or poultry is only half the battle. Entrepreneurs who organized a farm will also need to sell their products. Owners of family mini-farms often sell their products at the market or sell them to small shops. Owners of trout and rabbit breeding businesses can cooperate, including with restaurants. Entrepreneurs of medium-sized enterprises usually open their own retail outlets in cities. Large farmers also supply products to food industry enterprises and workshops for the production of semi-finished products.

In recent years, many farmers have abandoned livestock farming in favor of crop farming. We will try to prove that a business plan for cattle breeding is a very profitable activity.

The fact is that currently there is state support for domestic producers. One of the points of such a program is financial assistance to entrepreneurs who are engaged in the restoration of abandoned livestock farms. It is not surprising that beef cattle farming as a business will experience a new wave of popularity.

Choosing pastures for business

Before you take your first steps in cattle breeding, you need to make sure that there is a sufficient amount of pasture land in your region, since they will be used as natural feeding grounds for cows. If arable land predominates, it is extremely unprofitable to engage in such a business.

If there is enough pasture land, this means that the cows will eat for free almost all year round. In the absence of such an opportunity, you will have to purchase feed, but then cattle breeding will turn into a golden business, and all your income will be “eaten up” by expenses.

But arable land will also be useful. They will be used to grow food for the winter.

What is the area of ​​pasture land for raising cows? One cow and one calf will require 1-1.5 hectares of pasture and the same amount of arable land. Thus, to maintain 100 cows plus 100 calves and three bulls, at least 300 hectares of land will be required in the ratio of 150 hectares of pasture and 150 hectares of arable land.

Meat and dairy cattle breeding

Cows can be raised in two ways:

• Dairy
• Beef cattle breeding.

Beef farming means raising cows to produce beef. These breeds of cows are not used for milking. They are kept for the birth of young animals, which are subsequently fattened and at the age of 1-1.5 years are sent for slaughter. This option is advantageous because the calves feed on their mother’s milk for the first six months, and the farmer’s costs are almost zero.

Dairy farming has certain advantages. So, in addition to obtaining milk, it is also possible to obtain beef.
Selling meat, like milk, is a profitable business

After choosing a direction comes the turn of organizational issues. To carry out such activities, it is necessary to register the enterprise. Business in rural areas in this case has its own specifics. The most popular organizational forms are peasant farms and private household plots.

peasant farm – peasant farm – is an association of farmers carrying out joint agricultural activities and owning common property.

Private household plots – personal subsidiary farming is a simpler option. In this case, there is no need to even register with the tax office. The farm is run as a family farm. But there are also requirements for such activities. More details can be found in our.

Farm arrangement

Keeping 100 cows and calves with three bulls will require 2 premises, each measuring 70x20 meters with a walking area. Such a farm does not need heating in winter. But it is extremely important to maintain the humidity level - the room must be dry and draft-free.

Is automatic feed needed? If you plan to breed no more than 100 cows, then for such a small herd it is enough to feed manually. For 300 or more heads, mechanized feeding is carried out.

In general, catering is a serious issue for such a business. Feeding differs at different times of the year. In summer, the main part of the diet is fresh grass. In winter, cows eat pre-prepared hay, vegetables (potatoes, carrots, beets), silage, and mixed feed.

Annual feed consumption per cow:

• Green mass – 10 tons
• Hay – 2 tons
• Straw – 1 ton
• Silo – 4 tons
• Root crops – 2.5 tons.

It is also very important to give cows 100 grams of salt per day to maintain normal acid-salt balance.

If all of the above has to be purchased, then 41 thousand rubles will be spent per year per cow. Therefore, it is very important that the farmer has a large plot of land that can be used as pasture and also for making hay.

Costs of starting a farm

It is better to start such a business by purchasing a small number of cows. As your business develops, you can always buy more cattle. At first, 10 cows are enough, a little later - another 10. As soon as a stable income appears, you can increase the number of animals.

The peasant farm business plan includes the following costs:

• Construction or repair of a farm - about 200 thousand rubles
• Buying 7 cows – about 300 thousand rubles
• Buying 3 head bulls – approximately 200 thousand rubles
• Registration of activities – 15-20 thousand.

Thus, it will take from 600 thousand to 1 million rubles to open a business.

How much can you earn?

The first mating of cows is carried out at the age of 1.5 years, and the gestation of calves lasts 285 days, then you should not rely on a quick return on business.

You will begin to receive real income only by the end of the first or even second year of operation of the farm.

One cow gives birth to 1 calf per year. Lactation lasts approximately 300 days. Therefore, in the first 2-3 months after calving, half of the milk will be used to fatten the calf.

1 cow produces 10 liters of milk per day. During the first three months of lactation, approximately 5 liters per day can be sold per cow. From 4 cows – 20 liters.

At the end of lactation, all 10 liters per day per cow will be used for sale.

The average cost of 1 liter of milk is approximately 60 rubles. Consequently, during the lactation period, one animal can earn 27 thousand rubles in 3 months. Multiply by the number of cows to get your total revenue. And this is only when selling milk. If you additionally engage in the production of sour cream, cottage cheese, butter and cream, your income will increase.

Calves can also be sold as young animals or fattened and slaughtered with subsequent sale of meat. Raising calves for meat will take about a year of fattening.

The average weight of a dairy cow at the age of 1 year is 300 kg, and a bull’s weight is up to 400 kg. At slaughter, the yield of beef is 50%. The cost of 1 kg of meat is 300 rubles. Thus, the proceeds from the sale of meat will be 45-60 thousand rubles.

Taking into account the low entry costs and government support, as well as the variety of earnings on a cattle farm (selling milk, young animals, meat), it is obvious that the cattle breeding business is a very profitable activity.

Leave your comments below if you would like to add anything to the article or ask a question.

Igor Nikolaev

Reading time: 5 minutes

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Livestock farming as a business is one of the most promising areas in agriculture, which, with the right approach, can bring significant profits even in times of crisis.

Of course, this type of business activity requires certain capital investments (for example, for the purchase of feed and for the maintenance of farm animals), but their payback is characterized by the shortest terms. If you get down to business wisely, a livestock business started from scratch can make you a successful and financially independent person in a few years.

Recently, the livestock farming business in Russia has become increasingly popular.

The following external factors contribute to its rapid development:

• the presence of government programs to support domestic producers;
• constant rise in food prices;
• livestock products are a category of essential goods;
• in this area there is a wide choice of a wide variety of areas for entrepreneurial activity.

Taking into account the listed factors, we can say with confidence that livestock farming as a business from scratch is a very promising and quite profitable type of activity, which, with a certain starting capital, can generate quite significant and stable income.

At the first stage, a novice farmer must take the following steps:

1. decide on the direction of the future business;
2. develop yourself or with the help of qualified specialists a good livestock business plan;
3. Invest start-up capital in agricultural machinery and animals;
4. officially register as a private entrepreneur or legal entity;
5. apply for financial support to the relevant government authorities.

Organizing a business in livestock farming, like any other business, is associated with certain difficulties. It is best to start your own business in an area of ​​activity that you are familiar with and that is interesting to you.

A business idea in livestock farming when creating a new enterprise should be one that would allow achieving a positive result in a short time with minimal financial costs.

After studying in practice the chosen technology for the production of livestock products, in the future you can think about increasing the scale of your business.

Existing livestock sectors

It is necessary to develop a livestock farming business plan based on existing sectors of farm animal breeding:

• cattle breeding (breeding dairy or beef cattle);
• poultry farming;
• pig farming:
• sheep breeding;
• horse breeding;
• rabbit breeding;
• fur farming (breeding fur animals);
• beekeeping;
• fish farming.

Cattle breeding is considered the most profitable branch of livestock farming.

Entrepreneurs engaged in this type of activity produce milk and meat (and often both at the same time). Poultry farming is considered an equally profitable business. The relative ease of raising poultry at home and the consistently high demand for poultry meat and eggs enable poultry farmers to earn serious, stable profits.

The third most popular, but recently rapidly growing business area is pig farming. This type of business can generate high income, but to achieve good success in it, you need to be prepared for significant investments of effort and money.

The most economically stable and profitable option is to create a large farm with broad specialization.

However, it is worth remembering that organizing such an agricultural enterprise from scratch is almost impossible. If you develop a competent, good business plan and strictly follow all the points specified in it, then, starting with a small enterprise, over time you can create a large livestock-breeding inter-industry complex. At the very beginning of your entrepreneurial journey, your main tasks are to return the funds invested at the start and make your first profit.

Depending on the amount of capital invested and the livestock industry you have chosen, the payback period can be from six months to two years. To make any significant profit from a small business, it must be developed to a certain scale. For example, if your field is cattle breeding, then a herd of 20–30 heads is unlikely to bring you much profit. You should constantly increase the number of animals, purchase additional equipment and increase the staff, striving to increase your herd to one hundred animals in at least a year.

If you don’t understand anything about animal husbandry, you shouldn’t invest heavily in it right away.

It’s best to start small, for example, buy and try to raise, say, five bulls. In the process of work, you will understand whether this type of entrepreneurial activity is right for you and whether it is worth doing it at all.

The first question for a beginning livestock breeder always remains: “Who is the most profitable to raise?”

Let's try to figure out which animals are best to start with:

№	Helpful information
1	Rabbits come first. If you have zero experience in the field of caring for and maintaining farm animals, this is the best option to try your hand at the livestock business. The main advantage of this type of animal is its precocity. In just a month, the weight of rabbits increases twelvefold! In addition, everyone has heard about the extraordinary fertility of eared animals. Even with four or five rabbits at the first stage, in just a year you can get about three hundred kilograms of dietary rabbit meat and about two hundred rabbit skins. These figures indicate the commercial attractiveness and usefulness of this business area
2	nutria. With the right approach, this livestock farming business idea can provide a very decent income. One carcass of this animal weighing 5 kilograms costs up to $25. With proper organization of the technological process and proper care, one family of nutria can produce $350 worth of meat products per month. If your goal is the skins of these animals, then they need to be raised for 9–10 months
3	goat breeding The main products of these animals are milk, which has a number of useful and nutritional qualities, and valuable goat fluff. The good demand for these products and the unpretentiousness of these animals makes it possible for even novice livestock breeders to make good money;
4	It's a little more difficult to raise turkeys. Despite the fact that their breeding is associated with certain difficulties regarding their maintenance, this type of poultry brings excellent income to poultry farmers. With a competent approach and skillful organization of the process, all initial investments are returned in 8–10 months. It is during this time that the weight of an adult turkey reaches 20–25 kilograms. The demand for this high-quality dietary poultry meat is constantly at a high level in any state of the economy, and therefore there are usually no problems with the sale of grown products
5	domestic pig farming. Pigs are also fast-maturing farm animals. With the proper level of care and high quality feed resources, within six months the animal gains weight of around 100 kilograms. One sow can give birth once or twice a year, so in addition to selling the meat itself, you can make good money selling suckling piglets
6	raising bulls. Beef is always in constant demand and almost never gets cheaper. Therefore, raising beef bulls is one of the most profitable livestock business ideas. High-quality care and proper nutrition allow animals to achieve a weight of 200 - 235 kilograms in just a year and a half

Stern

For a beginning livestock breeder, purchasing feed is the most significant financial expense.

By trying to save on the quality of feed products, you can cause irreparable harm to animals and be left with nothing. Therefore, experts strongly recommend not saving on this expense item. It is best to buy feed in bulk from manufacturers whose reputation and experience in the feed production industry are quite extensive. In addition to grain and hay, it is also necessary to purchase special feed additives that stimulate rapid weight gain.

Since the main livestock products are always in demand on the market, there are usually no problems with their sales. Beginner livestock and poultry farmers sell milk. meat, eggs and other products either at city markets, farmers' markets, or through small stores.

Farms that have developed to large sizes. In most cases, long-term contracts are concluded either with processing enterprises or with retail chains. Serious farms also create their own processing enterprises, which significantly increases the profitability of such agricultural enterprises.

How much profit can you make?

How profitable is livestock farming in our country? To answer this question, let’s calculate the profitability of livestock farming using the example of a rabbit farm.

Rabbits give birth up to 10 times a year. One female rabbit brings up to 6 rabbits in one litter. If you have a hundred females on your farm, they will produce 6 thousand heads of young animals. The average weight of a rabbit before slaughter is from 2 to 2.2 kilograms. If you raise and slaughter all the young animals, you can get 12 tons of meat. Rabbit meat costs about 180-190 rubles per kilogram. We receive 2 million 280 thousand rubles in one year. After deducting the costs of feed, maintenance, wages to employees and transportation costs, 1 million 140 thousand rubles remain.

To reduce costs, you can independently grow food for them on your own plot of land and vaccinate the animals yourself, as well as provide care for rabbits without hiring hired labor.